Observed topology
AS8674 NETNOD-IX Netnod AB
Transit
Upstream networks
Networks observed carrying traffic for AS8674: the AS immediately before it in a routing path. Ranked by how many paths showed the relationship, which reflects how widely it is used, not how much traffic crosses it.
| AS | Network | Type | Families | Paths seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS6939 | Hurricane Electric LLC | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 314 |
| AS2603 | NORDUnet | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 313 |
| AS2914 | NTT America, Inc. | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 124 |
| AS1299 | Arelion Sweden AB | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 96 |
| AS9002 | RETN Limited | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 93 |
| AS3303 | Swisscom (Schweiz) AG | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 32 |
| AS24482 | SG.GS | Hosting | IPv4 IPv6 | 25 |
| AS1257 | Tele2 Sverige AB | Mobile | IPv4 | 23 |
| AS34549 | meerfarbig GmbH & Co. KG | Hosting | IPv4 IPv6 | 23 |
| AS9931 | National Telecom Public Company Limited | Residential | IPv4 | 20 |
| AS20485 | Joint Stock Company TransTeleCom | Unclassified | IPv4 | 16 |
| AS20514 | Axians AB | Hosting | IPv4 | 15 |
| AS50304 | Blix Solutions AS | Unclassified | IPv4 | 15 |
| AS57463 | NetIX Communications JSC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 14 |
| AS42708 | Glesys AB | Unclassified | IPv4 | 14 |
| AS32098 | Transtelco Inc | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 13 |
| AS2611 | BELNET | Education | IPv4 | 12 |
| AS55818 | MC-IX Matrix Internet Exchange RS-1 | Residential | IPv4 | 12 |
| AS48185 | team.blue NV | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 12 |
| AS50300 | CustodianDC Limited | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 10 |
| AS29632 | Netassist International EOOD | Unclassified | IPv6 | 8 |
| AS1403 | EBOX | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 8 |
| AS3320 | Deutsche Telekom AG | Mobile | IPv4 | 7 |
| AS37100 | SEACOM Limited | Unclassified | IPv4 | 6 |
| AS20473 | The Constant Company, LLC | Hosting | IPv6 | 6 |
| AS3741 | Dimension Data | Unclassified | IPv4 | 6 |
| AS22335 | Metropolitan Research and Education Network | Unclassified | IPv4 | 6 |
| AS37721 | Virtual Technologies & Solutions | Residential | IPv4 | 6 |
| AS17639 | Converge ICT Solutions Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 6 |
| AS22652 | Videotron Ltee | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS58057 | Securebit AG | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS48362 | Stadtwerke Feldkirch | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS45049 | Mohamed El Bouddunti | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS204092 | Association GRIFON | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS3333 | Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS213241 | TECHIT.BE SRL | Residential | IPv6 | 5 |
| AS34927 | iFog GmbH | Hosting | IPv4 IPv6 | 5 |
| AS59919 | Brainbox S.r.l. | Residential | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS62193 | BCIX Management GmbH | Unclassified | IPv6 | 4 |
| AS3491 | PCCW Global (HK) Ltd. | Transit | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS55720 | Gigabit Hosting Sdn Bhd | Hosting | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS49432 | Dominic Schallert trading as schallert.com e.U. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 4 |
| AS50628 | Leonix Telecom SAS | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 4 |
| AS1836 | green.ch AG | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 4 |
| AS6762 | TELECOM ITALIA SPARKLE S.p.A. | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 4 |
| AS49788 | Nexthop AS | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS293 | ESnet | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS3130 | RGnet OU | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS6830 | Liberty Global Europe Holding B.V. | Residential | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS35313 | Infonas W.L.L. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 3 |
| AS31287 | IPACCT CABLE Ltd | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS8517 | National Academic Network and Information Center | Education | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS50673 | Serverius Holding B.V. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS15935 | ha-vel internet s.r.o. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS13004 | Serbian Open Exchange DOO | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS56662 | Marcin Gondek | Unclassified | IPv6 | 2 |
| AS33891 | Core-Backbone GmbH | Hosting | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS3653 | House of Ben Avraham LLC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS835 | GoCodeIT Inc | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS2497 | Internet Initiative Japan Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS8280 | SYNAPSECOM S.A. Provider of Telecommunications and Internet Services | Hosting | IPv6 | 2 |
| AS6424 | EDGOO NETWORKS UNIPESSOAL LDA | Hosting | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS34019 | Hivane Association | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS56655 | Gigahost AS | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS29169 | GANDI SAS | Hosting | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS20766 | Association "Gitoyen" | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1 |
Inferred from path position, not from any declaration by either party. A network appearing here is carrying these routes; whether that is a paid transit arrangement, a backup, or something else is not something routing data can tell you.
Transit
Downstream networks
Networks for which AS8674 was observed as the last hop before the origin, meaning it appears to provide them transit.
| AS | Network | Type | Families | Paths seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS57021 | Netnod AB | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 400 |
| AS56908 | Netnod AB | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 226 |
| AS29216 | Netnod AB | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 207 |
| AS31337 | ELEET Networks | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 162 |
| AS56625 | SOS Alarm Sverige AB | Unclassified | IPv4 | 124 |
| AS8873 | Alexander Wagberg trading as Wberg Networks | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 100 |
| AS8995 | LARS MICHAEL JOGBAECK | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 83 |
| AS33980 | PAFTECH AB | Unclassified | IPv4 | 62 |
| AS25192 | CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 36 |
| AS31529 | DENIC eG | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 34 |
| AS35052 | ACONET | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 27 |
| AS199670 | DNS-Belgium VZW | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 10 |
Adjacency
Adjacent networks
Every AS seen directly next to AS8674 in a routing path, in either direction.
| AS | Network | Type | Families | Paths seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS2603 | NORDUnet | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 802 |
| AS6939 | Hurricane Electric LLC | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 693 |
| AS57021 | Netnod AB | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 400 |
| AS2914 | NTT America, Inc. | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 281 |
| AS56908 | Netnod AB | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 226 |
| AS1299 | Arelion Sweden AB | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 214 |
| AS9002 | RETN Limited | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 210 |
| AS29216 | Netnod AB | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 207 |
| AS8873 | Alexander Wagberg trading as Wberg Networks | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 162 |
| AS31337 | ELEET Networks | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 162 |
| AS56625 | SOS Alarm Sverige AB | Unclassified | IPv4 | 124 |
| AS8995 | LARS MICHAEL JOGBAECK | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 83 |
| AS33980 | PAFTECH AB | Unclassified | IPv4 | 62 |
| AS31529 | DENIC eG | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 60 |
| AS3303 | Swisscom (Schweiz) AG | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 58 |
| AS1257 | Tele2 Sverige AB | Mobile | IPv4 | 50 |
| AS24482 | SG.GS | Hosting | IPv4 IPv6 | 50 |
| AS25192 | CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 36 |
| AS20514 | Axians AB | Hosting | IPv4 | 35 |
| AS20485 | Joint Stock Company TransTeleCom | Unclassified | IPv4 | 33 |
| AS42708 | Glesys AB | Unclassified | IPv4 | 32 |
| AS50304 | Blix Solutions AS | Unclassified | IPv4 | 31 |
| AS57463 | NetIX Communications JSC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 29 |
| AS35052 | ACONET | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 27 |
| AS34549 | meerfarbig GmbH & Co. KG | Hosting | IPv4 IPv6 | 26 |
| AS32098 | Transtelco Inc | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 23 |
| AS9931 | National Telecom Public Company Limited | Residential | IPv4 | 20 |
| AS55818 | MC-IX Matrix Internet Exchange RS-1 | Residential | IPv4 | 20 |
| AS2611 | BELNET | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 19 |
| AS20473 | The Constant Company, LLC | Hosting | IPv6 | 15 |
| AS29632 | Netassist International EOOD | Unclassified | IPv6 | 12 |
| AS48185 | team.blue NV | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 12 |
| AS1403 | EBOX | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 12 |
| AS50300 | CustodianDC Limited | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 12 |
| AS45049 | Mohamed El Bouddunti | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 11 |
| AS55720 | Gigabit Hosting Sdn Bhd | Hosting | IPv4 | 10 |
| AS199670 | DNS-Belgium VZW | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 10 |
| AS22335 | Metropolitan Research and Education Network | Unclassified | IPv4 | 9 |
| AS37721 | Virtual Technologies & Solutions | Residential | IPv4 | 9 |
| AS3741 | Dimension Data | Unclassified | IPv4 | 9 |
| AS22652 | Videotron Ltee | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 9 |
| AS17639 | Converge ICT Solutions Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 8 |
| AS204092 | Association GRIFON | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 8 |
| AS58057 | Securebit AG | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 8 |
| AS3333 | Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 8 |
| AS59919 | Brainbox S.r.l. | Residential | IPv4 | 7 |
| AS3320 | Deutsche Telekom AG | Mobile | IPv4 | 7 |
| AS37100 | SEACOM Limited | Unclassified | IPv4 | 7 |
| AS34927 | iFog GmbH | Hosting | IPv4 IPv6 | 7 |
| AS8434 | Telenor Sverige AB | Residential | IPv4 | 6 |
| AS213241 | TECHIT.BE SRL | Residential | IPv6 | 6 |
| AS293 | ESnet | Unclassified | IPv4 | 6 |
| AS62193 | BCIX Management GmbH | Unclassified | IPv6 | 6 |
| AS1836 | green.ch AG | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS48362 | Stadtwerke Feldkirch | Residential | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS50628 | Leonix Telecom SAS | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS49432 | Dominic Schallert trading as schallert.com e.U. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 6 |
| AS12552 | GlobalConnect AB | Unclassified | IPv4 | 5 |
| AS6830 | Liberty Global Europe Holding B.V. | Residential | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS15935 | ha-vel internet s.r.o. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS3130 | RGnet OU | Unclassified | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS61468 | CEDIA | Unclassified | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS33891 | Core-Backbone GmbH | Hosting | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS49788 | Nexthop AS | Unclassified | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS3491 | PCCW Global (HK) Ltd. | Transit | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS835 | GoCodeIT Inc | Unclassified | IPv4 | 4 |
| AS6762 | TELECOM ITALIA SPARKLE S.p.A. | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 4 |
| AS13004 | Serbian Open Exchange DOO | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS8517 | National Academic Network and Information Center | Education | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS31287 | IPACCT CABLE Ltd | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS20766 | Association "Gitoyen" | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS56662 | Marcin Gondek | Unclassified | IPv6 | 3 |
| AS8280 | SYNAPSECOM S.A. Provider of Telecommunications and Internet Services | Hosting | IPv6 | 3 |
| AS2497 | Internet Initiative Japan Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3 |
| AS35313 | Infonas W.L.L. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 3 |
| AS56655 | Gigahost AS | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS4637 | Telstra Global | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS50673 | Serverius Holding B.V. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS6424 | EDGOO NETWORKS UNIPESSOAL LDA | Hosting | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS1273 | IDDQD-AS | Business | IPv6 | 2 |
| AS3653 | House of Ben Avraham LLC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2 |
| AS49666 | Telecommunication Infrastructure Company | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS7575 | Australian Academic and Research Network (AARNet) | Education | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS2200 | Renater | Education | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS29169 | GANDI SAS | Hosting | IPv4 | 1 |
| AS34019 | Hivane Association | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1 |
Adjacency is not the same as peering. Being next to each other in a path covers paid transit, settlement-free peering and customer connections alike, and routing data cannot distinguish them. Treat this as "these networks exchange routes", nothing more specific.
Interconnection
Exchange presence
Internet exchanges where Packet Clearing House has a port recorded for AS8674, largest fabric first. An exchange is shared switching where networks interconnect directly rather than paying a transit provider to carry traffic between them, so turning up at one is a deliberate choice about how this network wants to be reached. Each name opens that exchange's own page, with its peering LANs and every other network recorded on it. Recorded at 77 exchanges across 46 countries and 5 regions.
| Exchange | Location | Their address | Member ports |
|---|---|---|---|
| IX.br (PTT.br) São Paulo | São Paulo, Brazil | 187.16.217.233 | 2,690 |
| DE-CIX Frankfurt | Frankfurt, Germany | 80.81.192.160 | 1,073 |
| LINX LON1 | London, United Kingdom | 195.66.225.151 | 925 |
| AMS-IX Amsterdam | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 80.249.209.92 | 894 |
| Neutral Internet Exchange | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 193.239.117.43 | 665 |
| NAPAfrica IX Johannesburg | Johannesburg, South Africa | 196.60.9.160 | 603 |
| France-IX Paris | Paris, France | 37.49.237.134 | 570 |
| Equinix Internet Exchange Singapore | Singapore, Singapore | 27.111.228.41 | 490 |
| Milan Internet Exchange | Milan, Italy | 217.29.66.57 | 416 |
| Equinix Internet Exchange Ashburn | Ashburn, United States | 206.126.236.245 | 388 |
| Giganet Internet Exchange | Kyiv, Ukraine | 185.1.63.130 | 355 |
| Seattle Internet Exchange | Seattle, United States | 206.81.80.120 | 350 |
| IX.br (PTT.br) Porto Alegre | Porto Alegre, Brazil | 177.52.38.20 | 347 |
| London Network Access Point | London, United Kingdom | 5.57.81.62 | 316 |
| Hong Kong Internet Exchange | Hong Kong, China | 123.255.91.198 | 307 |
| JPIX Tokyo | Tokyo, Japan | 210.171.224.13 | 259 |
| SwissIX | Zurich, Switzerland | 91.206.53.53 | 253 |
| Johannesburg Internet Exchange | Johannesburg, South Africa | 196.60.96.27 | 212 |
| IX Australia (Sydney NSW) | Sydney, Australia | 218.100.52.147 | 199 |
| Ontario Internet Exchange | Toronto, Canada | 149.112.50.32 | 198 |
| Vienna Internet Exchange | Vienna, Austria | 193.203.0.118 | 188 |
| Malaysia Internet Exchange | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 218.100.44.132 | 185 |
| Fremont Cabal Internet Exchange | Fremont, United States | 206.80.238.114 | 182 |
| National Internet Exchange of India - Mumbai | Mumbai, India | 218.100.48.75 | 182 |
| Equinix Internet Exchange Miami | Miami, United States | 198.32.242.64 | 175 |
| PIT Chile - Santiago | Santiago, Chile | 45.68.16.88 | 173 |
| Berlin Commercial Internet Exchange | Berlin, Germany | 193.178.185.160 | 152 |
| Midwest Internet Cooperative Exchange | Minneapolis, United States | 206.108.255.169 | 151 |
| Taipei Internet Exchange (TPIX) | Taipei, Taiwan | 203.163.222.177 | 151 |
| Bulgarian Internet eXchange | Sofia, Bulgaria | 193.169.198.126 | 137 |
| France-IX Marseille | Marseille, France | 37.49.232.127 | 127 |
| PIT Lima - PIT Peru | Lima, Peru | 45.183.47.129 | 120 |
| GetaFIX Manila | Manila, Philippines | 103.104.19.48 | 108 |
| UAE-IX by DE-CIX | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 185.1.8.25 | 108 |
| San Francisco Metropolitan Internet Exchange | San Francisco, United States | 206.197.187.99 | 106 |
| Luxembourg Internet Exchange | Luxembourg, Luxembourg | 188.93.170.70 | 102 |
| YYCIX Calgary Internet Exchange | Calgary, Canada | 206.126.225.34 | 100 |
| MSK-IX St. Petersburg | St. Petersburg, Russia | 194.226.102.73 | 96 |
| France-IX Lyon | Lyon, France | 77.95.71.126 | 94 |
| Interconnection eXchange Denver | Denver, United States | 206.53.175.223 | 92 |
| STHIX - Stockholm | Stockholm, Sweden | 192.121.80.73 | 91 |
| Stockholm Internet Exchange | Stockholm, Sweden | 192.121.80.73 | 91 |
| Wellington Internet Exchange | Wellington, New Zealand | 202.7.0.209 | 89 |
| CANIX Internet Exchange - Montreal | Montreal, Canada | 198.179.18.131 | 88 |
| Belgian National Internet Exchange | Brussels, Belgium | 194.53.172.100 | 82 |
| IX Australia (Perth WA) | Perth, Australia | 27.106.192.68 | 82 |
| Netnod Stockholm | Stockholm, Sweden | 195.69.119.172 | 77 |
| Baltic Internet Exchange | Vilnius, Lithuania | 77.241.206.128 | 76 |
| Equinix Internet Exchange Palo Alto | Palo Alto, United States | 198.32.176.218 | 76 |
| Vancouver Internet Exchange | Vancouver, Canada | 206.41.104.92 | 74 |
| Kansas City Internet Exchange | Kansas City, United States | 206.51.7.33 | 72 |
| Norwegian Internet Exchange Oslo 1 | Oslo, Norway | 185.1.55.200 | 70 |
| Matrix Cable Internet Exchange | Jakarta, Indonesia | 119.110.117.86 | 68 |
| Quad Cities Internet Exchange | Davenport, United States | 206.83.43.29 | 67 |
| Nepal Internet Exchange - Putalisadak | Kathmandu, Nepal | 198.32.231.16 | 61 |
| Cambodian Network Exchange | Phnom Penh, Cambodia | 103.7.144.44 | 55 |
| CERN IXP / Equinix Internet Exchange Geneva | Geneva, Switzerland | 192.65.185.235 | 54 |
| CitranetIX Yogyakarta | Yogyakarta, Indonesia | 103.101.136.53 | 51 |
| Serbian Open Exchange | Belgrade, Serbia | 185.1.27.64 | 51 |
| Tallinn Governmental Internet Exchange | Tallinn, Estonia | 213.184.52.101 | 48 |
| Slovenian Internet Exchange | Ljubljana, Slovenia | 91.220.194.32 | 39 |
| Rheintal Internet Exchange | Eschen, Liechtenstein | 91.232.229.20 | 38 |
| SAIX Saudi Arabia Riyadh | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 45.94.12.29 | 34 |
| Intered Panamá | Panama City, Panama | 179.0.201.202 | 30 |
| Network Service Provider IXP (Distributed IX in Edo) | Tokyo, Japan | 202.249.2.179 | 28 |
| Rwanda Internet exchange | Kigali, Rwanda | 196.223.12.216 | 25 |
| Qatar Internet Exchange Point | Doha, Qatar | 2001:7f8:ed::61 | 24 |
| Armenian Internet Traffic Exchange | Yerevan, Armenia | 91.218.7.105 | 21 |
| CloudSingularity Internet Exchange | Vancouver, Canada | 206.83.46.21 | 18 |
| Jacksonville Internet Exchange | Jacksonville, United States | 206.123.7.32 | 18 |
| Netnod Sundsvall- Gävle | Sundsvall, Sweden | 194.68.128.172 | 18 |
| Amaravati Internet Exchange | Amaravati, India | 103.115.147.123 | 16 |
| KazNIX | Semey, Kazakhstan | 185.79.213.15 | 16 |
| IXP-GT | Guatemala, Guatemala | 45.68.5.1 | 12 |
| Vanuatu Internet Exchange | Port Vila, Vanuatu | 103.25.228.15 | 9 |
| Hamilton Internet Exchange | Hamilton, New Zealand | 2001:7fa:3:ca07::d1 | 2 |
| Equinix-LA(former Paix) retired | Los Angeles, United States | 198.32.242.64 | — |
Unlike the tables above, this is recorded rather than inferred. An address on a peering LAN is at that exchange by definition. Two carve-outs all the same. Member ports counts every participant at the exchange, not this network's ports, so read it as a size proxy. And an absent exchange means PCH has no record of it, not that the network is not there.
Provenance
Where this comes from
Derived from routing tables collected at 2026-08-08 10:00 UTC by route-views2,rrc00, as seen from 75 BGP vantage points across 74.02M route entries. These are observations from those vantage points, not a complete or authoritative view of the internet.
Cross-check against RIPEstat or BGP.tools, which observe from a different and larger set of vantage points.
Exchange presence comes from a separate dataset: the directory collected 2026-08-09 by Packet Clearing House (https://www.pch.net/ixp/data), covering 1,327 exchanges and 93,164 recorded member ports, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
PeeringDB is the better-known directory and is deliberately not the source here: its acceptable-use policy forbids the bulk storage this needs. The two answer different questions anyway. PeeringDB reports what an operator declares about itself; this reports what PCH has recorded.