Observed topology

AS4581 SOCKET - Socket Holdings Corporation

Residential ARIN Cable/DSL/ISP

Upstreams 4 carry this network

Downstreams 16 this network carries

Adjacent (IPv4) 20

Adjacent (IPv6) 0

Upstream graph Who carries AS4581, and who carries them, drawn as a map up to the transit-free core. 1 exchange Where AS4581 physically turns up to peer, and its address on each fabric.

Transit

Upstream networks

inferred

Networks observed carrying traffic for AS4581: the AS immediately before it in a routing path. Ranked by how many paths showed the relationship, which reflects how widely it is used, not how much traffic crosses it.

AS	Network	Type	Families	Paths seen
AS174	Cogent Communications, LLC	Transit	IPv4	1,706
AS6939	Hurricane Electric LLC	Transit	IPv4	1,366
AS3356	Level 3 Parent, LLC	Transit	IPv4	56
AS52025	ParadoxNetworks Limited	Unclassified	IPv4	4

Transit

Downstream networks

All 16

Networks for which AS4581 was observed as the last hop before the origin, meaning it appears to provide them transit.

AS	Network	Type	Families	Paths seen
AS397092	Bays ET highspeed LLC	Unclassified	IPv4	256
AS13341	Tranquility Internet Services Inc.	Unclassified	IPv4	156
AS11929	MFA Oil Company	Unclassified	IPv4	128
AS55056	Central Bancompany, Inc.	Unclassified	IPv4	108
AS46755	Columbia College	Unclassified	IPv4	71
AS393668	State Fair Community College	Unclassified	IPv4	66
AS397479	Huber & Associates, Inc.	Unclassified	IPv4	64
AS46731	City of Jefferson	Unclassified	IPv4	63
AS399802	The Fibersmith Company	Unclassified	IPv4	63
AS397323	MISSOURI EMPLOYERS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY	Unclassified	IPv4	62

All 16 downstreams →

Adjacency

Adjacent networks

All 20

Every AS seen directly next to AS4581 in a routing path, in either direction.

AS	Network	Type	Families	Paths seen
AS6939	Hurricane Electric LLC	Transit	IPv4	2,427
AS174	Cogent Communications, LLC	Transit	IPv4	1,828
AS397092	Bays ET highspeed LLC	Unclassified	IPv4	256
AS3356	Level 3 Parent, LLC	Transit	IPv4	196
AS13341	Tranquility Internet Services Inc.	Unclassified	IPv4	156
AS11929	MFA Oil Company	Unclassified	IPv4	128
AS55056	Central Bancompany, Inc.	Unclassified	IPv4	108
AS46755	Columbia College	Unclassified	IPv4	71
AS393668	State Fair Community College	Unclassified	IPv4	66
AS397479	Huber & Associates, Inc.	Unclassified	IPv4	64

All 20 adjacent →

Provenance

Where this comes from

Derived from routing tables collected at 2026-11-09 10:00 UTC by route-views2,rrc00, as seen from 75 BGP vantage points across 73.03M route entries. These are observations from those vantage points, not a complete or authoritative view of the internet.

Inferred from path position, not from any declaration by either party. A network appearing here is carrying these routes; whether that is a paid transit arrangement, a backup, or something else is not something routing data can tell you. Adjacency is not the same as peering. Being next to each other in a path covers paid transit, settlement-free peering and customer connections alike, and routing data cannot distinguish them. Treat this as "these networks exchange routes", nothing more specific.

Cross-check against RIPEstat or BGP.tools, which observe from a different and larger set of vantage points.