AS31148 FREENET_LLC

Networks observed carrying traffic for AS31148: the AS immediately before it in a routing path. Ranked by how many paths showed the relationship, which reflects how widely it is used, not how much traffic crosses it.

Networks for which AS31148 was observed as the last hop before the origin, meaning it appears to provide them transit.

Every AS seen directly next to AS31148 in a routing path, in either direction.

Derived from routing tables collected at 2026-10-23 10:00 UTC by route-views2,rrc00, as seen from 75 BGP vantage points across 73.15M route entries. These are observations from those vantage points, not a complete or authoritative view of the internet.

Inferred from path position, not from any declaration by either party. A network appearing here is carrying these routes; whether that is a paid transit arrangement, a backup, or something else is not something routing data can tell you. Adjacency is not the same as peering. Being next to each other in a path covers paid transit, settlement-free peering and customer connections alike, and routing data cannot distinguish them. Treat this as "these networks exchange routes", nothing more specific.

Cross-check against RIPEstat or BGP.tools, which observe from a different and larger set of vantage points.