Observed topology
AS2152 CENIC-2152
Transit
Upstream networks
Networks observed carrying traffic for AS2152: the AS immediately before it in a routing path. Ranked by how many paths showed the relationship, which reflects how widely it is used, not how much traffic crosses it.
| AS | Network | Type | Families | Paths seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS3356 | Level 3 Parent, LLC | Transit | IPv4 | 6,585 |
| AS2153 | CENIC | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 3,219 |
| AS6939 | Hurricane Electric LLC | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 1,115 |
| AS6461 | Zayo Bandwidth | Transit | IPv4 | 724 |
| AS11164 | Internet2 | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 529 |
| AS396450 | Internet2 | Unclassified | IPv4 | 57 |
Inferred from path position, not from any declaration by either party. A network appearing here is carrying these routes; whether that is a paid transit arrangement, a backup, or something else is not something routing data can tell you.
Transit
Downstream networks
Networks for which AS2152 was observed as the last hop before the origin, meaning it appears to provide them transit.
| AS | Network | Type | Families | Paths seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS2920 | Los Angeles County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 | 11,109 |
| AS18558 | Riverside County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 8,861 |
| AS16509 | Amazon.com, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 5,835 |
| AS22315 | San Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3,717 |
| AS23024 | Orange County Department of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3,717 |
| AS54179 | Ventura County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3,477 |
| AS8151 | UNINET | Mobile | IPv4 | 2,772 |
| AS395226 | Sacramento County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2,142 |
| AS11404 | Wave Broadband | Residential | IPv4 | 1,731 |
| AS20115 | Charter Communications LLC | Residential | IPv4 | 1,599 |
| AS13335 | Cloudflare, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 1,518 |
| AS714 | Apple Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 1,333 |
| AS8075 | Microsoft Corporation | Hosting | IPv4 | 1,142 |
| AS395148 | PACIFIC LIGHTWAVE, A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1,130 |
| AS195 | San Diego Supercomputer Center | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 1,112 |
| AS7377 | University of California, San Diego | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 1,108 |
| AS5653 | University of California San Francisco | Education | IPv4 | 1,071 |
| AS15169 | Google LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 968 |
| AS3356 | Level 3 Parent, LLC | Transit | IPv4 | 917 |
| AS3786 | LG DACOM Corporation | Unclassified | IPv4 | 862 |
| AS25 | University of California at Berkeley | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 830 |
| AS3734 | Santa Clara County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 | 756 |
| AS6099 | Alameda County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 746 |
| AS23117 | Imperial County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 745 |
| AS11293 | University of California - Office of the President | Education | IPv4 | 739 |
| AS23489 | Marin County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 650 |
| AS23483 | Shasta County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 646 |
| AS16276 | OVH SAS | Hosting | IPv4 | 638 |
| AS10867 | Foothill-DeAnza Community College District | Education | IPv4 | 630 |
| AS52 | University of California, Los Angeles | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 606 |
| AS2516 | KDDI CORPORATION | Mobile | IPv4 | 560 |
| AS21694 | Fresno County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 477 |
| AS11159 | Los Angeles Public Library | Unclassified | IPv4 | 441 |
| AS396465 | California State University, Sacramento | Unclassified | IPv4 | 439 |
| AS393282 | University of California at Berkeley | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 413 |
| AS7922 | Comcast Cable Communications, LLC | Residential | IPv4 | 406 |
| AS6492 | Palomar Community College District | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 351 |
| AS36351 | IBM Cloud | Hosting | IPv4 | 332 |
| AS20940 | Akamai International B.V. | Hosting | IPv4 | 326 |
| AS14255 | University of San Diego | Unclassified | IPv4 | 326 |
| AS7960 | California Polytechnic State University | Education | IPv4 | 324 |
| AS299 | University of California, Irvine | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 321 |
| AS131 | University of California, Santa Barbara | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 321 |
| AS31 | California Institute of Technology | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 321 |
| AS31764 | OAKLAND UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 316 |
| AS5783 | Kern County Superintendent of Schools | Education | IPv4 | 315 |
| AS30193 | Los Angeles Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 315 |
| AS32361 | UltraLight | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 300 |
| AS25664 | Solano County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 289 |
| AS23369 | Sonoma County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 260 |
| AS23323 | Diablo Valley College | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS46290 | MtSAC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS13940 | San Joaquin County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS21545 | Kings County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS6106 | University of California, Riverside | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 225 |
| AS6461 | Zayo Bandwidth | Transit | IPv4 | 210 |
| AS21915 | Merced County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 209 |
| AS26403 | Madera County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS21708 | San Diego County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS17369 | Chapman University | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS21828 | Tulare County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS132203 | Tencent Building, Kejizhongyi Avenue | Hosting | IPv4 | 182 |
| AS6939 | Hurricane Electric LLC | Transit | IPv4 | 175 |
| AS3292 | TDC Holding A/S | Residential | IPv4 | 173 |
| AS7843 | Charter Communications Inc | Residential | IPv4 | 168 |
| AS14061 | DigitalOcean, LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 164 |
| AS6360 | University of Hawaii | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 154 |
| AS5739 | University of California, Santa Cruz | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 150 |
| AS257 | Navy Network Information Center (NNIC) | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 148 |
| AS46985 | The Regents of the University of California - University of California, San Diego. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 144 |
| AS8220 | COLT Technology Services Group Limited | Hosting | IPv4 | 143 |
| AS14593 | Space Exploration Technologies Corporation | Residential | IPv4 | 133 |
| AS18975 | Stanislaus County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 130 |
| AS27502 | Madera County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 126 |
| AS54192 | Montebello Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 124 |
| AS1828 | Unitas Global | Unclassified | IPv4 | 123 |
| AS2037 | California State University at Fresno | Unclassified | IPv4 | 120 |
| AS54048 | Vast Networks | Unclassified | IPv4 | 116 |
| AS396310 | San Diego State University | Unclassified | IPv4 | 114 |
| AS23309 | Contra Costa County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 100 |
| AS30679 | California State Polytechnic University - Pomona | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 99 |
| AS6192 | University of California, Davis | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 95 |
| AS49544 | i3D.net B.V | Unclassified | IPv4 | 94 |
| AS54113 | Fastly, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 77 |
| AS46375 | Sonic Telecom LLC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 74 |
| AS31898 | Oracle Corporation | Hosting | IPv4 | 69 |
| AS57976 | Blizzard Entertainment, Inc | Hosting | IPv4 | 69 |
| AS16573 | Santa Monica Community College District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 67 |
| AS63435 | County of Monterey | Unclassified | IPv4 | 67 |
| AS39941 | Pacific Wave | Unclassified | IPv4 | 66 |
| AS22616 | ZSCALER, INC. | Business | IPv4 | 66 |
| AS11188 | LOS ANGELES COUNTY - INTERNAL SERVICESDIVISION | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS567 | Los Nettos | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS23065 | Santa Barbara County Education Office | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS32933 | Ceres Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS400452 | University of California Davis Medical Center | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS22063 | J. Paul Getty Trust | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS22226 | San Francisco Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS10294 | Coast Community College District | Education | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS394435 | Alameda County Library | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS22323 | University of California, Merced | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS26066 | Napa Valley Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS399574 | Riverside Community College District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 62 |
| AS393425 | California Academy of Sciences | Unclassified | IPv4 | 61 |
| AS26488 | Santa Clara University | Unclassified | IPv4 | 57 |
| AS46425 | Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital | Unclassified | IPv4 | 53 |
| AS14213 | Monterey County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 52 |
| AS42 | WoodyNet, Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 50 |
| AS40498 | New Mexico Lambda Rail, Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 50 |
| AS33353 | Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 49 |
| AS32934 | Facebook, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 48 |
| AS29878 | Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula | Unclassified | IPv4 | 44 |
| AS36692 | Cisco OpenDNS, LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 43 |
| AS26492 | VCCCD | Unclassified | IPv4 | 40 |
| AS54825 | Packet Host, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 29 |
| AS21859 | Zenlayer Inc | Hosting | IPv4 | 27 |
| AS63949 | Akamai Connected Cloud | Hosting | IPv4 | 26 |
| AS46357 | California Polytechnic State University | Unclassified | IPv6 | 26 |
| AS199524 | G-Core Labs S.A. | Hosting | IPv4 | 25 |
| AS2906 | Netflix Streaming Services Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 25 |
| AS16 | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | Unclassified | IPv6 | 24 |
| AS13445 | Cisco Webex LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 24 |
| AS10310 | Yahoo Holdings Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 22 |
| AS2635 | Automattic, Inc | Hosting | IPv4 | 18 |
| AS17072 | TOTAL PLAY TELECOMUNICACIONES, S.A.P.I. DE C.V. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 16 |
| AS1410 | SMITH BAGLEY INC | Residential | IPv4 | 15 |
Adjacency
Adjacent networks
Every AS seen directly next to AS2152 in a routing path, in either direction.
| AS | Network | Type | Families | Paths seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS3356 | Level 3 Parent, LLC | Transit | IPv4 | 589,720 |
| AS11164 | Internet2 | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 165,593 |
| AS6939 | Hurricane Electric LLC | Transit | IPv4 IPv6 | 138,280 |
| AS6461 | Zayo Bandwidth | Transit | IPv4 | 134,557 |
| AS2153 | CENIC | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 26,351 |
| AS2920 | Los Angeles County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 | 11,172 |
| AS7922 | Comcast Cable Communications, LLC | Residential | IPv4 | 10,007 |
| AS18558 | Riverside County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 9,916 |
| AS3786 | LG DACOM Corporation | Unclassified | IPv4 | 7,840 |
| AS13335 | Cloudflare, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 7,772 |
| AS16509 | Amazon.com, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 7,632 |
| AS8220 | COLT Technology Services Group Limited | Hosting | IPv4 | 5,727 |
| AS7843 | Charter Communications Inc | Residential | IPv4 | 5,649 |
| AS15169 | Google LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 4,746 |
| AS2516 | KDDI CORPORATION | Mobile | IPv4 | 4,608 |
| AS23024 | Orange County Department of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3,777 |
| AS22315 | San Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3,717 |
| AS54179 | Ventura County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 3,477 |
| AS567 | Los Nettos | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 2,911 |
| AS395226 | Sacramento County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 2,878 |
| AS8151 | UNINET | Mobile | IPv4 | 2,788 |
| AS11404 | Wave Broadband | Residential | IPv4 | 2,592 |
| AS20115 | Charter Communications LLC | Residential | IPv4 | 2,174 |
| AS195 | San Diego Supercomputer Center | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 1,895 |
| AS1828 | Unitas Global | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1,748 |
| AS395148 | PACIFIC LIGHTWAVE, A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1,399 |
| AS714 | Apple Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 1,354 |
| AS8075 | Microsoft Corporation | Hosting | IPv4 | 1,282 |
| AS54048 | Vast Networks | Unclassified | IPv4 | 1,274 |
| AS7377 | University of California, San Diego | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 1,165 |
| AS5653 | University of California San Francisco | Education | IPv4 | 1,071 |
| AS16276 | OVH SAS | Hosting | IPv4 | 1,048 |
| AS25 | University of California at Berkeley | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 830 |
| AS3734 | Santa Clara County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 | 770 |
| AS23117 | Imperial County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 745 |
| AS11293 | University of California - Office of the President | Education | IPv4 | 739 |
| AS6099 | Alameda County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 | 711 |
| AS3292 | TDC Holding A/S | Residential | IPv4 | 674 |
| AS23489 | Marin County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 650 |
| AS23483 | Shasta County Office of Education | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 646 |
| AS10867 | Foothill-DeAnza Community College District | Education | IPv4 | 630 |
| AS52 | University of California, Los Angeles | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 606 |
| AS20940 | Akamai International B.V. | Hosting | IPv4 | 535 |
| AS21694 | Fresno County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 527 |
| AS11159 | Los Angeles Public Library | Unclassified | IPv4 | 441 |
| AS396465 | California State University, Sacramento | Unclassified | IPv4 | 439 |
| AS36351 | IBM Cloud | Hosting | IPv4 | 428 |
| AS6106 | University of California, Riverside | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 414 |
| AS393282 | University of California at Berkeley | Unclassified | IPv4 | 378 |
| AS14255 | University of San Diego | Unclassified | IPv4 | 326 |
| AS7960 | California Polytechnic State University | Education | IPv4 | 324 |
| AS5783 | Kern County Superintendent of Schools | Education | IPv4 | 323 |
| AS299 | University of California, Irvine | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 321 |
| AS131 | University of California, Santa Barbara | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 321 |
| AS31 | California Institute of Technology | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 321 |
| AS31764 | OAKLAND UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 316 |
| AS6492 | Palomar Community College District | Education | IPv4 | 315 |
| AS30193 | Los Angeles Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 315 |
| AS32361 | UltraLight | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 300 |
| AS25664 | Solano County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 289 |
| AS101 | University of Washington | Unclassified | IPv4 | 280 |
| AS23369 | Sonoma County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 260 |
| AS6360 | University of Hawaii | Education | IPv4 IPv6 | 259 |
| AS23323 | Diablo Valley College | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS10310 | Yahoo Holdings Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS13940 | San Joaquin County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS21545 | Kings County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS46290 | MtSAC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 252 |
| AS21915 | Merced County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 209 |
| AS49544 | i3D.net B.V | Unclassified | IPv4 | 207 |
| AS14593 | Space Exploration Technologies Corporation | Residential | IPv4 | 206 |
| AS17369 | Chapman University | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS21708 | San Diego County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS21828 | Tulare County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS26403 | Madera County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 189 |
| AS132203 | Tencent Building, Kejizhongyi Avenue | Hosting | IPv4 | 182 |
| AS396450 | Internet2 | Unclassified | IPv4 | 171 |
| AS14061 | DigitalOcean, LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 169 |
| AS24 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Unclassified | IPv4 | 153 |
| AS46985 | The Regents of the University of California - University of California, San Diego. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 144 |
| AS46375 | Sonic Telecom LLC | Unclassified | IPv4 | 130 |
| AS40498 | New Mexico Lambda Rail, Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 130 |
| AS18975 | Stanislaus County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 130 |
| AS27502 | Madera County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 126 |
| AS54192 | Montebello Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 124 |
| AS2037 | California State University at Fresno | Unclassified | IPv4 | 120 |
| AS396310 | San Diego State University | Unclassified | IPv4 | 114 |
| AS5739 | University of California, Santa Cruz | Education | IPv4 | 114 |
| AS257 | Navy Network Information Center (NNIC) | Unclassified | IPv4 | 112 |
| AS21859 | Zenlayer Inc | Hosting | IPv4 | 106 |
| AS23309 | Contra Costa County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 IPv6 | 100 |
| AS17072 | TOTAL PLAY TELECOMUNICACIONES, S.A.P.I. DE C.V. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 99 |
| AS33353 | Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 96 |
| AS199524 | G-Core Labs S.A. | Hosting | IPv4 | 96 |
| AS6192 | University of California, Davis | Education | IPv4 | 78 |
| AS31898 | Oracle Corporation | Hosting | IPv4 | 77 |
| AS54113 | Fastly, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 77 |
| AS57976 | Blizzard Entertainment, Inc | Hosting | IPv4 | 72 |
| AS46749 | Stanford University | Unclassified | IPv4 | 71 |
| AS42 | WoodyNet, Inc. | Unclassified | IPv4 | 71 |
| AS16573 | Santa Monica Community College District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 67 |
| AS63435 | County of Monterey | Unclassified | IPv4 | 67 |
| AS22616 | ZSCALER, INC. | Business | IPv4 | 66 |
| AS39941 | Pacific Wave | Unclassified | IPv4 | 66 |
| AS22063 | J. Paul Getty Trust | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS32933 | Ceres Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS30679 | California State Polytechnic University - Pomona | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS400452 | University of California Davis Medical Center | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS22226 | San Francisco Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS11188 | LOS ANGELES COUNTY - INTERNAL SERVICESDIVISION | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS10294 | Coast Community College District | Education | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS394435 | Alameda County Library | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS22323 | University of California, Merced | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS23065 | Santa Barbara County Education Office | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS26066 | Napa Valley Unified School District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 63 |
| AS399574 | Riverside Community College District | Unclassified | IPv4 | 62 |
| AS393425 | California Academy of Sciences | Unclassified | IPv4 | 61 |
| AS26488 | Santa Clara University | Unclassified | IPv4 | 57 |
| AS32934 | Facebook, Inc. | Hosting | IPv4 | 55 |
| AS46425 | Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital | Unclassified | IPv4 | 53 |
| AS14213 | Monterey County Office of Education | Unclassified | IPv4 | 52 |
| AS29878 | Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula | Unclassified | IPv4 | 44 |
| AS36692 | Cisco OpenDNS, LLC | Hosting | IPv4 | 43 |
| AS26492 | VCCCD | Unclassified | IPv4 | 40 |
Adjacency is not the same as peering. Being next to each other in a path covers paid transit, settlement-free peering and customer connections alike, and routing data cannot distinguish them. Treat this as "these networks exchange routes", nothing more specific.
Interconnection
Exchange presence
Internet exchanges where Packet Clearing House has a port recorded for AS2152, largest fabric first. An exchange is shared switching where networks interconnect directly rather than paying a transit provider to carry traffic between them, so turning up at one is a deliberate choice about how this network wants to be reached. Each name opens that exchange's own page, with its peering LANs and every other network recorded on it. Recorded at 6 exchanges across 1 country and 1 region.
| Exchange | Location | Their address | Member ports |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equinix Internet Exchange San Jose (Bay Area) | San Jose, United States | 206.223.117.118 | 193 |
| Equinix Internet Exchange Los Angeles | Los Angeles, United States | 206.223.123.95 | 81 |
| Equinix Internet Exchange Palo Alto | Palo Alto, United States | 198.32.176.33 | 76 |
| Equinix Los Angeles IBX | Los Angeles, United States | 206.223.123.95 | 72 |
| Equinix IBX Secaucus retired | Secaucus, United States | 206.223.117.118 | 64 |
| Megaport IX Los Angeles | Los Angeles, United States | 206.53.172.40 | 30 |
Unlike the tables above, this is recorded rather than inferred. An address on a peering LAN is at that exchange by definition. Two carve-outs all the same. Member ports counts every participant at the exchange, not this network's ports, so read it as a size proxy. And an absent exchange means PCH has no record of it, not that the network is not there.
Provenance
Where this comes from
Derived from routing tables collected at 2026-08-08 10:00 UTC by route-views2,rrc00, as seen from 75 BGP vantage points across 74.02M route entries. These are observations from those vantage points, not a complete or authoritative view of the internet.
Cross-check against RIPEstat or BGP.tools, which observe from a different and larger set of vantage points.
Exchange presence comes from a separate dataset: the directory collected 2026-08-08 by Packet Clearing House (https://www.pch.net/ixp/data), covering 1,327 exchanges and 93,137 recorded member ports, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
PeeringDB is the better-known directory and is deliberately not the source here: its acceptable-use policy forbids the bulk storage this needs. The two answer different questions anyway. PeeringDB reports what an operator declares about itself; this reports what PCH has recorded.