asn.dev

Observed topology

AS36236 NETACTUATE

Upstreams 74 carry this network
Downstreams 111 this network carries
Adjacent (IPv4) 184
Adjacent (IPv6) 136

Transit

Upstream networks

inferred

Networks observed carrying traffic for AS36236: the AS immediately before it in a routing path. Ranked by how many paths showed the relationship, which reflects how widely it is used, not how much traffic crosses it.

ASNetworkTypeFamiliesPaths seen
AS174Cogent Communications, LLCTransitIPv4 IPv63,261
AS6939Hurricane Electric LLCTransitIPv4 IPv62,088
AS2914NTT America, Inc.TransitIPv4 IPv61,757
AS3257GTT Communications Inc.TransitIPv4 IPv61,444
AS3356Level 3 Parent, LLCTransitIPv4 IPv61,110
AS1299Arelion Sweden ABTransitIPv4 IPv6908
AS24482SG.GSHostingIPv4 IPv6857
AS9498BHARTI Airtel Ltd.MobileIPv4 IPv6456
AS3491PCCW Global (HK) Ltd.TransitIPv4 IPv6430
AS6762TELECOM ITALIA SPARKLE S.p.A.TransitIPv4 IPv6363
AS37271Workonline Communications(Pty) LtdUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6204
AS37100SEACOM LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6140
AS11164Internet2EducationIPv485
AS37721Virtual Technologies & SolutionsResidentialIPv4 IPv684
AS34549meerfarbig GmbH & Co. KGHostingIPv4 IPv657
AS9002RETN LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv636
AS50304Blix Solutions ASUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv635
AS4755TATA Communications formerly VSNL is Leading ISPHostingIPv434
AS1221Telstra LimitedMobileIPv4 IPv634
AS133296Web Werks India Pvt. Ltd.ResidentialIPv432
AS17639Converge ICT Solutions Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv630
AS57463NetIX Communications JSCUnclassifiedIPv428
AS14907Wikimedia Foundation Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv623
AS50300CustodianDC LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv617
AS48362Stadtwerke FeldkirchResidentialIPv4 IPv617
AS6424EDGOO NETWORKS UNIPESSOAL LDAHostingIPv416
AS852TELUS Communications Inc.ResidentialIPv4 IPv616
AS12552GlobalConnect ABUnclassifiedIPv415
AS38001NewMedia Express Pte LtdHostingIPv4 IPv615
AS7575Australian Academic and Research Network (AARNet)EducationIPv413
AS12779IT.Gate S.p.A.UnclassifiedIPv412
AS48185team.blue NVUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv612
AS32097WholeSale Internet, Inc.HostingIPv411
AS3216PJSC "Vimpelcom"MobileIPv411
AS18678INTERNEXA S.A. E.S.PUnclassifiedIPv410
AS34927iFog GmbHHostingIPv4 IPv610
AS394256Tech Futures Interactive Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv610
AS3741Dimension DataUnclassifiedIPv49
AS4635Hong Kong Internet Exchange--Route Server 1UnclassifiedIPv49
AS55720Gigabit Hosting Sdn BhdHostingIPv49
AS13030Init7 (Switzerland) Ltd.HostingIPv69
AS29632Netassist International EOODUnclassifiedIPv68
AS20766Association "Gitoyen"UnclassifiedIPv48
AS22652Videotron LteeResidentialIPv4 IPv68
AS34019Hivane AssociationUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv68
AS213241TECHIT.BE SRLResidentialIPv67
AS1403EBOXResidentialIPv4 IPv66
AS1103SURF B.V.UnclassifiedIPv45
AS29169GANDI SASHostingIPv45
AS29504Freenet Liberec, z.s.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv65
AS1836green.ch AGResidentialIPv4 IPv65
AS212024Marc SchmittUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv65
AS29075IELO-LIAZO SERVICES SASUnclassifiedIPv64
AS12859BIT BVHostingIPv44
AS3130RGnet OUUnclassifiedIPv44
AS20485Joint Stock Company TransTeleComUnclassifiedIPv44
AS202297Skylon Solutions LimitedUnclassifiedIPv44
AS20764CJSC RASCOMUnclassifiedIPv44
AS3303Swisscom (Schweiz) AGResidentialIPv44
AS64073Vetta GroupUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv64
AS328977Wavex Internet Service Provider LTDResidentialIPv43
AS53767iCastCenterHostingIPv43
AS52025ParadoxNetworks LimitedUnclassifiedIPv43
AS50628Leonix Telecom SASUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv63
AS6696VERIXI SAUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv63
AS3333Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC)UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv63
AS31713Gateway CommunicationsUnclassifiedIPv62
AS50673Serverius Holding B.V.UnclassifiedIPv42
AS56655Gigahost ASUnclassifiedIPv62
AS293ESnetUnclassifiedIPv42
AS58057Securebit AGUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv62
AS201054Stowarzyszenie e-PoludnieUnclassifiedIPv61
AS56662Marcin GondekUnclassifiedIPv61
AS49673Truenetwork LLCUnclassifiedIPv41

Inferred from path position, not from any declaration by either party. A network appearing here is carrying these routes; whether that is a paid transit arrangement, a backup, or something else is not something routing data can tell you.

Transit

Downstream networks

inferred

Networks for which AS36236 was observed as the last hop before the origin, meaning it appears to provide them transit.

ASNetworkTypeFamiliesPaths seen
AS63911NetActuate, IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv612,731
AS12041Afilias, Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv65,620
AS11878tzulo, inc.HostingIPv4 IPv64,546
AS25893Wattage Hosting, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv62,520
AS199614Fiberocity LtdUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv62,219
AS398962CONTROLD INC.HostingIPv4 IPv61,544
AS8561Knipp Medien und Kommunikation GmbHUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv61,506
AS395403NSONE IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv61,095
AS6838Christopher LukeUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv61,030
AS41378Kirino LLCUnclassifiedIPv41,008
AS63420NetActuate, IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6852
AS400759American Cloud LLCUnclassifiedIPv4646
AS40509Fly.io, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6641
AS32024BlueficityUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6638
AS26008Akamai Technologies, Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv6564
AS33438DatumHostingIPv4 IPv6563
AS1097Core Transit LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6547
AS64089DNSFilter, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6538
AS29997Vitalwerks Internet Solutions, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6523
AS395363Infoblox, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6469
AS50131Spartan Host LtdUnclassifiedIPv4460
AS207021ipcom GmbHUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6401
AS10908CloudfloorDNSHostingIPv4 IPv6392
AS64114TECNOWEB PERU SACUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6311
AS36829Winstri CorporationUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6296
AS394188PrimeVOX Communications, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4295
AS3998272pifi, IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6273
AS150788Alternative EnterprisesUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6266
AS39945Nuspire CommunicationsUnclassifiedIPv4238
AS17095BuildBuddyUnclassifiedIPv4236
AS134795South Asia Universal LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6229
AS394344NetActuate, IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6215
AS25692AEGIS INFORMATION SYSTEMS INCUnclassifiedIPv4214
AS16686easyDNS Technologies, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6191
AS397006Mullcloud LLCHostingIPv4 IPv6187
AS55079Third Gear NetworksUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6185
AS32489Amanah Tech Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv6167
AS36217NetActuate, IncHostingIPv4 IPv6158
AS399003chr.is Consulting LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6155
AS14058PointClick Technologies, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6155
AS393818Tucows.com Co.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6155
AS29994Mark Mahle, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6151
AS62787Snark Holding Corp.ResidentialIPv4 IPv6149
AS200325BUNNYWAY, informacijske storitve d.o.o.HostingIPv4 IPv6130
AS401508Inngest Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6126
AS53541Prodege LLCUnclassifiedIPv4120
AS40138Mach Dilemma, LLCHostingIPv6120
AS400064Questa VoltaUnclassifiedIPv4118
AS63363Tucows.com Co.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6116
AS137502NOMINET UKUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6107
AS36221Esosoft CorporationUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6103
AS51790SIEL, d.o.o.HostingIPv498
AS11048DigitalStakeoutUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv696
AS57926SafeDNS, Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv695
AS402146Bold Software IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv694
AS4019885005 LLCUnclassifiedIPv492
AS32639SolarNetOne, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv691
AS401986Coherently IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv691
AS401446Converted Networks LLCHostingIPv4 IPv690
AS1508Headquarters, USAISCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv683
AS29522Cyber_Folks S.A.HostingIPv476
AS23420Davenpro Enterprises LLCUnclassifiedIPv469
AS36225Infinite IT Solutions Inc.ResidentialIPv4 IPv669
AS52305NIC ChileUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv669
AS199330CentralNic LtdHostingIPv4 IPv668
AS62597NSONE IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv663
AS14123UpLionUnclassifiedIPv461
AS54170NetActuate, IncUnclassifiedIPv460
AS399766Look To The Right, LLCUnclassifiedIPv460
AS402226OnlyScans LLCUnclassifiedIPv460
AS54728DataPlane.orgUnclassifiedIPv460
AS140614ASIA-ISP CO., LIMITEDUnclassifiedIPv460
AS961Achieve Wireless IncUnclassifiedIPv459
AS32647Crucial Web Hosting, Ltd.HostingIPv459
AS834IPXO LLCUnclassifiedIPv459
AS398079Eminent, IncUnclassifiedIPv450
AS399161Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv448
AS3132Red Cientifica PeruanaUnclassifiedIPv447
AS31529DENIC eGUnclassifiedIPv447
AS60890CentralNic LtdUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv646
AS399153Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv436
AS399159Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv436
AS399155Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv436
AS21662OnGlobix, LLCUnclassifiedIPv635
AS394256Tech Futures Interactive Inc.UnclassifiedIPv635
AS139341ACEHostingIPv434
AS16509Amazon.com, Inc.HostingIPv431
AS10779StepBroBD, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv430
AS399158Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv427
AS209453GANDI SASHostingIPv427
AS399154Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv420
AS399156Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv420
AS399167Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv419
AS399164Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv617
AS399169Vercara, LLCUnclassifiedIPv415
AS46705Zoom Tech Arizona LimitedResidentialIPv615
AS201612nic.at GmbHUnclassifiedIPv414

Adjacency

Adjacent networks

150 shown

Every AS seen directly next to AS36236 in a routing path, in either direction.

ASNetworkTypeFamiliesPaths seen
AS174Cogent Communications, LLCTransitIPv4 IPv613,430
AS63911NetActuate, IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv612,734
AS2914NTT America, Inc.TransitIPv4 IPv611,459
AS6939Hurricane Electric LLCTransitIPv4 IPv67,370
AS3257GTT Communications Inc.TransitIPv4 IPv66,821
AS12041Afilias, Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv65,620
AS11878tzulo, inc.HostingIPv4 IPv64,675
AS1299Arelion Sweden ABTransitIPv4 IPv64,482
AS25893Wattage Hosting, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv62,520
AS199614Fiberocity LtdUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv62,219
AS24482SG.GSHostingIPv4 IPv62,175
AS3356Level 3 Parent, LLCTransitIPv4 IPv62,003
AS1097Core Transit LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv61,889
AS41378Kirino LLCUnclassifiedIPv41,634
AS398962CONTROLD INC.HostingIPv4 IPv61,544
AS8561Knipp Medien und Kommunikation GmbHUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv61,506
AS37721Virtual Technologies & SolutionsResidentialIPv4 IPv61,165
AS34549meerfarbig GmbH & Co. KGHostingIPv4 IPv61,134
AS395403NSONE IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv61,095
AS6838Christopher LukeUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv61,030
AS63420NetActuate, IncUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6852
AS50304Blix Solutions ASUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6693
AS14907Wikimedia Foundation Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv6690
AS400759American Cloud LLCUnclassifiedIPv4646
AS6762TELECOM ITALIA SPARKLE S.p.A.TransitIPv4 IPv6644
AS40509Fly.io, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6641
AS32024BlueficityUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6638
AS29632Netassist International EOODUnclassifiedIPv6637
AS9498BHARTI Airtel Ltd.MobileIPv4 IPv6604
AS50131Spartan Host LtdUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6600
AS3491PCCW Global (HK) Ltd.TransitIPv4587
AS11164Internet2EducationIPv4577
AS26008Akamai Technologies, Inc.HostingIPv4 IPv6564
AS33438DatumHostingIPv4 IPv6563
AS50300CustodianDC LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6546
AS38001NewMedia Express Pte LtdHostingIPv4 IPv6545
AS64089DNSFilter, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6538
AS29997Vitalwerks Internet Solutions, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6523
AS17639Converge ICT Solutions Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6476
AS395363Infoblox, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6469
AS852TELUS Communications Inc.ResidentialIPv4 IPv6458
AS57463NetIX Communications JSCUnclassifiedIPv4424
AS6696VERIXI SAUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6415
AS48362Stadtwerke FeldkirchResidentialIPv4 IPv6412
AS50628Leonix Telecom SASUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6407
AS207021ipcom GmbHUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6404
AS10908CloudfloorDNSHostingIPv4 IPv6392
AS37271Workonline Communications(Pty) LtdUnclassifiedIPv4324
AS64114TECNOWEB PERU SACUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6311
AS36829Winstri CorporationUnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6296
AS394188PrimeVOX Communications, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4295
AS12552GlobalConnect ABUnclassifiedIPv4287
AS3741Dimension DataUnclassifiedIPv4259
AS55720Gigabit Hosting Sdn BhdHostingIPv4257
AS9002RETN LimitedUnclassifiedIPv6254
AS18779EGIHostingHostingIPv4252
AS3998272pifi, IncUnclassifiedIPv4240
AS3130RGnet OUUnclassifiedIPv4240
AS39945Nuspire CommunicationsUnclassifiedIPv4238
AS394256Tech Futures Interactive Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6238
AS17095BuildBuddyUnclassifiedIPv4236
AS213241TECHIT.BE SRLResidentialIPv6235
AS29504Freenet Liberec, z.s.UnclassifiedIPv4 IPv6225
AS25692AEGIS INFORMATION SYSTEMS INCUnclassifiedIPv4214
AS20766Association "Gitoyen"UnclassifiedIPv4208
AS48185team.blue NVUnclassifiedIPv4198
AS12779IT.Gate S.p.A.UnclassifiedIPv4197
AS150788Alternative EnterprisesUnclassifiedIPv4192
AS134795South Asia Universal LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4187
AS394344NetActuate, IncUnclassifiedIPv4180
AS49673Truenetwork LLCUnclassifiedIPv4173
AS201054Stowarzyszenie e-PoludnieUnclassifiedIPv6172
AS33891Core-Backbone GmbHHostingIPv4166
AS37100SEACOM LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4151
AS22652Videotron LteeResidentialIPv4150
AS32489Amanah Tech Inc.HostingIPv4147
AS3216PJSC "Vimpelcom"MobileIPv4139
AS6424EDGOO NETWORKS UNIPESSOAL LDAHostingIPv4129
AS36217NetActuate, IncHostingIPv4127
AS199330CentralNic LtdHostingIPv4127
AS20485Joint Stock Company TransTeleComUnclassifiedIPv4123
AS16686easyDNS Technologies, Inc.UnclassifiedIPv4122
AS399003chr.is Consulting LLCUnclassifiedIPv4120
AS53541Prodege LLCUnclassifiedIPv4120
AS14058PointClick Technologies, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4120
AS40138Mach Dilemma, LLCHostingIPv6120
AS60890CentralNic LtdUnclassifiedIPv4120
AS397006Mullcloud LLCHostingIPv4119
AS7575Australian Academic and Research Network (AARNet)EducationIPv4119
AS29994Mark Mahle, LLCUnclassifiedIPv4118
AS400064Questa VoltaUnclassifiedIPv4118
AS202297Skylon Solutions LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4117
AS55079Third Gear NetworksUnclassifiedIPv4117
AS4635Hong Kong Internet Exchange--Route Server 1UnclassifiedIPv6117
AS1403EBOXResidentialIPv6116
AS52025ParadoxNetworks LimitedUnclassifiedIPv4115
AS34019Hivane AssociationUnclassifiedIPv6115
AS62787Snark Holding Corp.ResidentialIPv4114
AS56662Marcin GondekUnclassifiedIPv6105
AS1221Telstra LimitedMobileIPv4101
AS51790SIEL, d.o.o.HostingIPv498
AS393818Tucows.com Co.UnclassifiedIPv497
AS13030Init7 (Switzerland) Ltd.HostingIPv694
AS34927iFog GmbHHostingIPv492
AS4019885005 LLCUnclassifiedIPv492

Adjacency is not the same as peering. Being next to each other in a path covers paid transit, settlement-free peering and customer connections alike, and routing data cannot distinguish them. Treat this as "these networks exchange routes", nothing more specific.

Interconnection

Exchange presence

recorded

Internet exchanges where Packet Clearing House has a port recorded for AS36236, largest fabric first. An exchange is shared switching where networks interconnect directly rather than paying a transit provider to carry traffic between them, so turning up at one is a deliberate choice about how this network wants to be reached. Each name opens that exchange's own page, with its peering LANs and every other network recorded on it. Recorded at 47 exchanges across 25 countries and 5 regions.

ExchangeLocationTheir addressMember ports
IX.br (PTT.br) São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil187.16.220.2122,690
DE-CIX FrankfurtFrankfurt, Germany80.81.194.191,073
LINX LON1London, United Kingdom195.66.226.36925
AMS-IX AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands80.249.210.142893
NAPAfrica IX JohannesburgJohannesburg, South Africa196.60.9.147603
France-IX ParisParis, France37.49.236.112570
MSK-IX MoscowMoscow, Russia195.208.208.33498
Equinix Internet Exchange SingaporeSingapore, Singapore27.111.229.161490
Equinix Internet Exchange AshburnAshburn, United States206.126.236.3388
Seattle Internet ExchangeSeattle, United States206.81.81.109350
Coresite - Any2 WestLos Angeles, United States206.72.211.30344
Any2 CaliforniaLos Angeles, United States206.72.211.30322
London Network Access PointLondon, United Kingdom5.57.81.72316
Hong Kong Internet ExchangeHong Kong, China123.255.90.179307
Equinix Internet Exchange WarsawWarsaw, Poland195.182.218.163298
Toronto Internet ExchangeToronto, Canada206.108.34.227285
Equinix Internet Exchange ChicagoChicago, United States208.115.137.98280
DE-CIX MumbaiMumbai, India103.27.170.168277
Megaport IX SydneySydney, Australia103.26.68.75272
JPIX TokyoTokyo, Japan210.171.225.32259
SwissIXZurich, Switzerland91.206.52.220253
Equinix Internet Exchange ParisParis, France195.42.145.214238
DE-CIX MadridMadrid, Spain185.1.192.201229
Equinix Internet Exchange DallasDallas, United States206.223.118.13225
New York International Internet ExchangeNew York, United States198.32.160.92217
IX Australia (Sydney NSW)Sydney, Australia218.100.52.161198
Equinix Internet Exchange San Jose (Bay Area)San Jose, United States206.223.116.103193
ERA-IX AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands185.1.240.153193
Fremont Cabal Internet ExchangeFremont, United States206.80.238.115182
FL-IX - The Florida Internet Exchange / Community IX - FloridaMiami, United States206.41.108.92179
PIT Chile - SantiagoSantiago, Chile45.68.16.229174
InterLAN-IXBucharest, Romania86.104.125.160151
Kenya Internet Exchange Point - NairobiNairobi, Kenya196.223.21.217150
LINX ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom195.66.244.129145
France-IX MarseilleMarseille, France37.49.232.71127
Internet Neutral Exchange Association CLG - LAN1Dublin, Ireland185.6.36.186115
UAE-IX by DE-CIXDubai, United Arab Emirates185.1.8.78108
San Francisco Metropolitan Internet ExchangeSan Francisco, United States206.197.187.45106
Northwest Access ExchangePortland, United States198.32.195.62105
Luxembourg Internet ExchangeLuxembourg, Luxembourg188.93.170.106102
Interconnection eXchange DenverDenver, United States206.53.175.4592
CANIX Internet Exchange - MontrealMontreal, Canada198.179.18.12488
Kansas City Internet ExchangeKansas City, United States206.51.7.15572
Ninja-IX PhoenixPhoenix, United States206.41.105.5463
DE-CIX ChennaiChennai, India103.228.174.9955
Serbian Open ExchangeBelgrade, Serbia2001:7f8:1e::651
Netnod Sundsvall- GävleSundsvall, Sweden194.68.128.13918

Unlike the tables above, this is recorded rather than inferred. An address on a peering LAN is at that exchange by definition. Two carve-outs all the same. Member ports counts every participant at the exchange, not this network's ports, so read it as a size proxy. And an absent exchange means PCH has no record of it, not that the network is not there.

Provenance

Where this comes from

Derived from routing tables collected at 2026-08-08 10:00 UTC by route-views2,rrc00, as seen from 75 BGP vantage points across 74.02M route entries. These are observations from those vantage points, not a complete or authoritative view of the internet.

Cross-check against RIPEstat or BGP.tools, which observe from a different and larger set of vantage points.

Exchange presence comes from a separate dataset: the directory collected 2026-08-08 by Packet Clearing House (https://www.pch.net/ixp/data), covering 1,327 exchanges and 93,137 recorded member ports, licensed CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.

PeeringDB is the better-known directory and is deliberately not the source here: its acceptable-use policy forbids the bulk storage this needs. The two answer different questions anyway. PeeringDB reports what an operator declares about itself; this reports what PCH has recorded.